环境，健康与安全

The U.S. semiconductor industry, one of the country’s top export sectors, is responsible for a fraction of one percent of U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, according to the EPA’s most recentGHG报告计划数据（2016）。EPA数据显示出29.9亿公吨二氧化碳等价物（MMT CO₂e) emitted by industrial facilities in the U.S., only6.2 mmt CO₂e — or 0.2 percent — is emitted by electronics manufacturers, including semiconductor manufacturers. Most of the industry’s emissions are associated with the use of fluorinated gases (F-gases) used in complex manufacturing processes, without which advanced semiconductor manufacturing is not technically feasible.

虽然该行业只贡献了一个非常少量的温室气体排放，SIA及其成员已经从事正在进行的努力，以减少这些排放。

• 根据谅解备忘录（MOU）与EPA，SIA成员自愿报告了他们对PFC的排放，这是一个温室气体。根据本协议，自1995年以来，SIA成员将其集体绝对的美国排放量减少了35％以上;从1999年的峰值达到50％。
• SIA及其成员参与了世界半导体理事会（WSC）的努力，以减少PFC的排放。全球产业致力于基准年减少10％，2011年，该行业宣布它远远超过了这一目标，实现了绝对排放量的32％。为了建立这种成功，全球产业正在实施新的10年减少目标。

Fabs中的制造半导体的过程依赖于高度控制的有限化学品的使用。这些化学品中的一些已被确定为造成环境或健康问题，并且（a）对这些化学品的替代品进行了作出反应，（b）逐步判定甚至关键用途识别替代品。

例如，该行业以前使用了少量全氟辛磺酸磺酸盐（PFOS）化合物，其在前缘光致抗蚀剂和抗反射涂层中是临界成分，用于在硅晶片上印刷电路的光刻过程中使用的材料。当政府确定这些化合物作为呈现环境或健康风险时，SIA及其在全球行业的合作伙伴应对这些问题的回答。2017年，SIA和WSC宣布，该行业成功地消除了所有氟氯磺斯的所有用途。

半导体是现代计算机的基础s, information technology, and communications products, and our products are also ubiquitous in advanced manufacturing processes, transportation systems, health care devices, building controls, energy generation equipment, and other sectors of the economy. As a result, semiconductors are a key enabling technology to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption throughout the economy. In short, semiconductors are a key part to addressing global climate change while also advancing economic growth.

根据美国委员会的节能经济委员会（Aceee）的一项研究，通过了通过整个经济的半导体技术的采用导致了显着的节能。Moreover, the study found that if new policies accelerated adoption of these technologies by just one percentage point per year, electricity demand in 2030 could be 1.2 trillion kilowatt-hours (kWh) lower than the Department of Energy’s reference case, a scenario that had already assumed substantial savings from implementation of semiconductor enabled efficiency applications compared to “frozen efficiency” case that posited continued reliance on today’s technologies.

The semiconductor industry has an outstanding safety record for workers at fabs. SIA surveys its companies annually, and the incidents of injuries and illness in the semiconductor industry are well below the national average.

此外，SIA导致努力研究半导体制造在洁净室工作人员的健康影响。SIA委托了Vanderbilt University的研究人员进行了详尽的，五年的流行病学研究，这些研究涵盖了100,000多个半导体产业工人。该研究的研究结果在职业和环境医学杂志中发表，结束：“在美国半导体行业的工作，包括在洁净室中的半导体晶圆制造，与来自任何特定形式的癌症的总体或死亡率增加了癌症死亡率或死亡率。”The study also found no evidence of increased mortality from all causes or from all cancers when comparing employees working in cleanrooms to non-fabrication workers.